IMPORTANT IT ACRONYM

D
DAC—Digital-To-Analog Converter
DAC—Discretionary Access Control
DAO—Data Access Objects
DAO—Disk-At-Once
DAP—Directory Access Protocol
DARPA—Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DAT—Digital Audio Tape
DB—Database
DBA—Database Administrator
DBCS—Double Byte Character Set
DBMS—Database Management System
DCC—Direct Client-to-Client
DCCP—Datagram Congestion Control Protocol
DCCA—Debian Common Core Alliance
DCL—Data Control Language
DCMI—Dublin Core Metadata Initiative
DCOM—Distributed Component Object Model
DD—Double Density
DDE—Dynamic Data Exchange
DDL—Data Definition Language
DDoS—Distributed Denial of Service
DDR—Double Data Rate
DEC—Digital Equipment Corporation
DES—Data Encryption Standard
dev—development
DFA—Deterministic Finite Automaton
DFD—Data Flow Diagram
DFS—Depth-First Search
DFS—Distributed File System
DGD—Dworkin's Game Driver
DHCP—Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHTML—Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language
DIF—Data Integrity Field
DIMM—Dual Inline Memory Module
DIN—Deutsches Institut für Normung
DIP—Dual In-line Package
DIVX—Digital Video Express
DKIM—Domain Keys Identified Mail
DL—Download
DLL—Dynamic Link Library
DLNA—Digital Living Network Alliance
DLP—Digital Light Processing
DMA—Direct Memory Access
DMCA—Digital Millennium Copyright Act
DMI—Direct Media Interface
DML—Data Manipulation Language
DML—Definitive Media Library
DMR—Dennis M. Ritchie
DN—Distinguished Name
DND—Drag-and-Drop
DNS—Domain Name System
DOCSIS—Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
DOM—Document Object Model
DoS—Denial of Service
DOS—Disk Operating System
DP—Dot Pitch
DPC—Deferred Procedure Call
DPI—Deep Packet Inspection
DPI—Dots Per Inch
DPMI—DOS Protected Mode Interface
DPMS—Display Power Management Signaling
DRAM—Dynamic Random Access Memory
DR-DOS—Digital Research - Disk Operating System
DRI—Direct Rendering Infrastructure
DRM—Digital Rights Management
DRM—Direct Rendering Manager
DSDL—Document Schema Definition Languages
DSDM—Dynamic Systems Development Method
DSL—Digital Subscriber Line
DSL—Domain-Specific Language
DSLAM—Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
DSN—Database Source Name
DSN—Data Set Name
DSP—Digital Signal Processor
DSSSL—Document Style Semantics and Specification Language
DTD—Document Type Definition
DTE—Data Terminal Equipment
DTP—Desktop Publishing
DTR—Data Terminal Ready
DVD—Digital Versatile Disc
DVD—Digital Video Disc
DVD-R—DVD-Recordable
DVD-ROM—DVD-Read Only Memory
DVD-RW—DVD-Rewritable
DVI—Digital Visual Interface
DVR—Digital Video Recorder
E
EAI—Enterprise Application Integration
EAP—Extensible Authentication Protocol
EBCDIC—Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EBML—Extensible Binary Meta Language
ECC—Elliptic Curve Cryptography
ECMA—European Computer Manufacturers Association
ECN—Explicit Congestion Notification
ECOS—Embedded Configurable Operating System
ECRS—Expense and Cost Recovery System
EDA—Electronic Design Automation
EDI—Electronic Data Interchange
EDO—Extended Data Out
EDSAC—Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
EDVAC—Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
EEPROM—Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
EFF—Electronic Frontier Foundation
EFI—Extensible Firmware Interface
EFM—Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation
EGA—Enhanced Graphics Array
EGP—Exterior Gateway Protocol
eID—electronic ID card
EIDE—Enhanced IDE
EIGRP—Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
EISA—Extended Industry Standard Architecture
ELF—Extremely Low Frequency
ELF—Executable and Linkable Format
ELM—ELectronic Mail
EMACS—Editor MACroS
EMS—Expanded Memory Specification
ENIAC—Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
EOF—End of File
EOL—End of Life
EOL—End of Line
EOM—End Of Message
EPIC—Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing
EPROM—Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
ERP—Enterprise Resource Planning
ESB—Enterprise service bus
ESCON—Enterprise Systems Connection
ESD—Electrostatic Discharge
ETL—Extract, Transform, Load
ESR—Eric Steven Raymond
EUC—Extended Unix Code
EULA—End User License Agreement
EWMH—Extended Window Manager Hints
EXT—EXTended file system

Strange Facts--

Hypermetropic people are what : Long Sighted
Which leader lives in the Potola : Dalai Lama
What wood was the cross supposed to be made of : Mistletoe
Joseph Levitch became famous as who : Jerry Lewis
If you planted a bandarilla what are you doing : Bullfighting
What was the first Pink Floyd album : Piper at the gates of dawn
In which city was the first public opera house opened : Venice
In what Elvis film did he play a double role : Kissing Cousins
The Aphrodite of Melos has a more famous name what : Venus de Milo
Which country invented the concentration camp Britain : Boer war
John Huston scored a hit with his first film what? : Maltese falcon
Stan laurel, Mickey Rooney, Lana Turner what in common : 8 marriages
What real person has been played most often in films : Napoleon Bonaparte
Scotopic people can do what : See in the dark
What is the most critical thing keeping bananas fresh transport Temperature not below : 13 C 55F
What is the name of the Paris stock exchange : Bourse
Whose music featured in The Clockwork Orange : Beethoven
What was the Troggs most famous hit : Wild Thing
In Japan what colour car is reserved for the royal family only : Maroon
What city has Kogoshima as its airport : Tokyo
What was gangsters George Nelsons nickname : Baby Face
Whose first wife was actress Jayne Wyman : Ronald Regan
In MASH what is Radars favourite drink : Grape Knee High
What do you give on the third wedding anniversary : Leather
What is a baby whale called : Calf
In which film did the Rolls Royce have the number plate AU1 : Goldfinger
Vladamere Ashkenazy plays what musical instrument : Piano
With which organ does a snake hear : Tongue
On what is the Mona Lisa painted : Wood
What is the second most common international crime : Art theft
Count de Grisly was the first to perform what trick in 1799 : Saw woman in half
Who wrote Les Miserable : Victor Hugo
Which bird turns it head upside down to eat : Flamingo
The colossus of Rhodes was a statue of who : Apollo
Who rode a horse called Bucephalus : Alexander the Great
To which London club did Mycroft Holmes belong : Diogones
What did William Addis invent in prison : Toothbrush
What is the only duty of police Gracthenvissers in Amsterdam : Motorists in canals
Kleenex tissues were originally intended as what in 1915 WW1 : Gas mask filters
Who invented popcorn : American Indians
What is the colour of mourning in : Turkey Violet
For what is spirits of salt another name : Hydrochloric acid
Which game is played on an oval with 18 player per team : Australian football
In the Winnie the Pooh stories what is Kanga’s baby called : Roo
Which actor is common to Magnificent 7 and Dirty Dozen : Charles Bronson
Who saved Andromeda from the sea monster : Perseus
What flower is the symbol of secrecy : Rose
What item were originally called : Hanways Umbrellas
What is Brussels best known statue : The Mannequin Pis
In which language does God Jul mean happy : Xmas Swedish

DANCE FORMS IN INDIA

1. Bharatnatayam - Tamil Nadu
2. Odissi - Odisha
3. Kuchipudi - Andhra Pradesh
4. Kathakali, Mohiniaattam - Kerala
5. Manipuri - Manipal
6. Kathak - North India
7. Chiraw (Bamboo Dance) - Mizoram
8. Garba Dance - Gujarat
9. Dandiya Raas - Gujarat
10. Giddha, Parhaun - Himachal Pradesh
11. Wangula Laho- Meghalaya
12. Yakshagan - Karnataka
13. Pandavani, Lota - MadhyaPradesh
14. Jatajatin, Lagui - Bihar & Jharkhand
15. Ghoomar - Rajasthan

TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS

1. Badminton - Drop, Smash, Ione, deuce, Clash Service
2. Baseball - Bunting, home, pitcher , strike, put out
3. Basketball - Block, dribble , pivot , held ball, basket
4. Billiards - Cue, Cannon, frame, spider, baulk
5. Boxing - Rounds, knock-out , jab, punch, uppercut
6. Chess - Gambit, resign, checkmate, rook, knight, pawn
7. Cricket - Maiden, caught, slips, gully, point, cover, yorker
8. Football - Penalty , foul, dribble, half, pass, goal
9. Golf - Course, links, tee, hole, nibble, club, putt, iron, eagle
10. Hockey - Centre, defender, push-in, free-hit, stick, carry, bully
11. Horse- racing - Bets, bookies, jockey, punter, steeplechase
12. Polo - Mallet, bunker, chucker, handicap, goal
13. Shooting - Bag, Bulls eye, plug, skeet, marksmanship
14. Tennis - Smash , slice, lob, set, ace, volley
15. Volleyball - Blocking, heave, point, serve, doubling, smash

NICK NAMES OF PLACES

City of Cycles : Beijing
City of Dreaming Spires : Oxford
City of Eternal Springs : Quito (Ecuador)
City of Sky Scrappers : NewYork
City of Magnificent Distances : Washington D.C
City of Golden Gate : San Francisco(U.S.A)
City of Seven Hills : Rome (Italy)
Cockpit of Europe : Belgium
Copper Country : Zambia
Dark Continent : Africa
Empire City : New York (U.S.A)
Emerald Island : Ireland
Land of Thunder Bolt : Bhutan
Land of Thousand Elephants : Laos
Manchester of the Orient : Osaka
Land of Thunder Dragon : China
Nation of Thousand Hills : Rwanda
Pearl of Arabia : Bahrain
Pearl of Antilles : Cuba
Pillars of Hercules : Strait of Gibraltar
Playground of Europe : Switzerland
Quaker City of USA : Philadelphia,USA
Queen of the Adriatic : Venice, Italy
Roof of the World : Pamirs
Sorrow of China : River Huang Ho
Sickman of Europe : Turkey
Britain of the East : Japan
Britain of the South : New Zealand
Battle field of Europe : Belgium

MARKETING TERMS

1) Acquisition :- The process of buying another firm or business unit; a method of direct investment that allows a firm to gain country and market-specific knowledge without incurring a long and costly learning process.

2) Apprenticeship :- A form of training where a new employee works with a more experienced person, and learns under that person's direction.

3) Psychographic segmentation :- A market segmentation approach based on classifying or categorizing customers or potential customers by a combination of their psychological profiles and demographic data.

4) Trend forecast :- A forecasting method which involves projecting sales objectively based on past trends, and then adjusting these projections subjectively to take into account the expected economic, market, and competitive pressures.

5) Volume-cost analysis :- An analytic tool for examining the relationship between costs and the volume of business; also called breakeven analysis.

Important Committees

1. Palekar Tribunal:-Journalists’ Pay reforms
2. U.C. Banerjee Commission:- Enquiry into Godhra carnage (railways)
3. Sarkaria Commission: Centre-State relations
4. Srikrishna Commission: 1992 Bombay riots (Srikishna also headed the Committee to look into the Lawyer-
violence of the Madras HC in 2009 and presently heads the committee to look into Separate Telangana)
5. Thakkar Commission: Indira Gandhi assassination case
6. Phukan Commission & Saharya Committee: Tehelka tapes
7. Malimath Commission: Criminal Justice
8. Upendra Commission: Inquiry on rape and murder Thangjam Manorama Devi
9. Malhotra Committee: Insurance Reforms
10. Janaki Ram Committee: Security scam
11. Ajay Vikram Singh Committee: Faster promotions in army
12. Rajinder Sachar Committee {1}: Companies and MRPT Act
13. Rajindar Sachar Committee {2}: Report on the social, economic and educational status of the Muslims of
India
14. Jyoti Basu Committee: Report on Octroi abolition
15 Balwant Rai Mehta Committee:Recommendations on decentralization system
16. Sawant Committee: Enquiry on corruption, charges against ministers & Anna Hazare
17. Chelliah Committee: Eradicating black money
18. Kothari Commission: Educational reforms
19. Wanchoo Committee: Tax enquiry
20. Bhanu Pratap Singh Committee: Agriculture
21. Aggarwal Committee: Nepotism in granting petrol pump, LPG connections
22. Rangarajan Committee: Reforms in private sector
23. Naresh Chandra Committee: Corporate governance
24. Chakravarti Committee: Banking sector reforms
25. Rekhi Committee: Structure of indirect taxation
26. G.V.Ramakrishna Committee: Disinvestment in PSU shares
27. Kelkar Committee: First committee on backward castes
28. P.C.Hotha Committee: Restructuring of civil services
29. Justice B.N.Kirpal Committee: 1st chairman National Forest Commission
30. Godbole Committee :Enron Power Project
31. J.C.Kumarappa Committee: Congress agrarian Reforms Committee
32. Swaminathan Committee: Population policy
33. Rangarajan Committee: Statistics
34. Wardha Committee: Inquiry on murder of Graham Staines
35. N.N. Vohra Committee: Criminalization of politics
36. Kelkar Committee {2}: Direct-Indirect Taxes
37. Alagh Committee: Civil Service Examinations
38. Abid Hussain Committee: Recommendations on Small scale industries
39. Narasimham Committee: Banking sector reforms
40. Chelliah Committee:Tax reforms
41. Mashelkar Committee: National Auto Fuel Policy
42. Boothalingam Committee : Recommendations on integrated wages, income and price policy
43. Omkar Goswami Committee: Industrial sickness
44. Yashpal Committee: Review of School Education system
45. Ram Nandan Prasad Committee: Constitution of creamy layers among Backward Castes
46. Kelkar Committee{3} :Enquiry on Kargil defense deals.
47. M.M. Punchhi Commission: Centre-State Relations [note- this committee has been set up recently- after
the sad demise of Justice (Retd.) Sarkaria]
48. Thorat Committee: Caste-based discrimination against students in AIIMS
49. R.K.Raghavan Committee: Ragging in colleges
51. James Lyngdoh Committee- Student politics and student-body elections in colleges.
52. E.M.S. Nachiappan Committee: Reforms in the higher judiciary
53. Soli Sorabjee Committee: Police Reforms [it was constituted after the Judgement of the Supreme Court in
Parkash Singh vs Union of India (2006)
54. Ganguli Committee: Review of health facilty planning and healthcare engineering and management
55. Percy Mistry Committee: Making Mumbai an IFC (International Financial Centre)
56. K.T. Thomas Committee- to look into ways of enhancing the effectives of the Prevention of Damage to
Public Property Act
57. Fali S. Nariman Committee- Accountability and damages with regard to destruction of public property
58. Satwant Reddy Committee- review of laws relating to registration of pharmaceutical drugs and clinical
trials
59. Raghuram C. Rajan Committee- financial sector reforms
60. Shah Commission (1966)- reorganisation of States
61. Tarkunde Committee- composition of the Election Commission and other electoral reforms
62. Dinesh Goswami Committee- electoral reforms
63. G.V.K. Rao Committee (1985) – set up by the planning commission in 1985, to look into the
Administrative Arrangement for Rural Development and poverty Alleviation Programmes.
64. Butler Committee: Relation between Indian states & paramount power (the Queen of Britain)
65. Hurtog Committee: Growth of British India education-its effects
66. Muddiman Committee: Working of Diarchy as in Montague Chelmsford reforms

Difference between Viruses, Trojans, Worms and Malware.

I. What is Malware?
The word Malware is short for malicious software, and is a
general term used to describe all of the viruses, worms,
spyware, and pretty much anything that is specifically
designed to cause harm to your PC or steal your information.

II. Viruses --> Wreak Havoc On Your Files
The term computer virus is often used interchangeably
with malware, though the two don’t actually have the
same meaning. In the strictest sense, a virus is a program
that copies itself and infects a PC, spreading from one file
to another, and then from one PC to another when the files
are copied or shared.
Most viruses attach themselves to executable files, but
some can target a master boot record, autorun scripts, MS
Office macros, or even in some cases, arbitrary files. Many
of these viruses, like CIH, are designed to render your PC
completely inoperable, while others simply delete or
corrupt your files—the general point is that a virus is
designed to cause havoc and break stuff.
You can protect yourself from viruses by making certain
your antivirus application is always updated with the
latest definitions and avoiding suspicious looking files
coming through email or otherwise. Pay special attention
to the filename—if the file is supposed to be an mp3, and
the name ends in .mp3.exe, you’re dealing with a virus.

III. Spyware --> Steals Your Information
Spyware is any software installed on your PC that collects
your information without your knowledge, and sends that
information back to the creator so they can use your
personal information in some nefarious way. This could
include keylogging to learn your passwords, watching your
searching habits, changing out your browser home and
search pages, adding obnoxious browser toolbars, or just
stealing your passwords and credit card numbers.
Since spyware is primarily meant to make money at your
expense, it doesn’t usually kill your PC—in fact, many
people have spyware running without even realizing it, but
generally those that have one spyware application
installed also have a dozen more. Once you’ve got that
many pieces of software spying on you, your PC is going
to become slow.
What many people don’t realize about spyware is that not
every antivirus software is designed to catch spyware. You
should check with the vendor to make sure the application
you are using to protect you from malware is actually
checking for spyware as well. If you come across a PC that
is already heavily infected, run a combination of
MalwareBytes and SuperAntiSpyware to clean it thoroughly.

IV. Trojan Horses --> Install a Backdoor
Trojan horses are applications that look like they are doing
something innocuous, but secretly have malicious code
that does something else. In many cases, trojans will
create a backdoor that allows your PC to be remotely
controlled, either directly or as part of a botnet—a network
of computers also infected with a trojan or other malicious
software. The major difference between a virus and a trojan
is that trojans don’t replicate themselves—they must be
installed by an unwitting user.
Once your PC has been infected with the trojan, it can be
used for any number of nefarious purposes, like a denial of
service (DoS) attack against a web site, a proxy server for
concealing attacks, or even worse—for sending out
buckets of spam. Protection against trojans works the
same way as viruses—make sure that your antivirus
application is up to date, don’t open suspicious
attachments, and think long and hard before you try and
use a downloaded crack for Photoshop—that’s one of
malware authors’ favorite spots to hide a trojan.

V. Worms --> Infect Through the Network
Computer worms use the network to send copies of
themselves to other PCs, usually utilizing a security hole
to travel from one host to the next, often automatically
without user intervention. Because they can spread so
rapidly across a network, infecting every PC in their path,
they tend to be the most well-known type of malware,
although many users still mistakenly refer to them as
viruses.
Because worms often exploit a network vulnerability, they
are the one type of malware that can be partially prevented
by making sure your firewall is enabled and locked down. 

Twelve Tips to Master Programming Faster

The 12 Tips

1. Get started. Do not feel bad that you are not an expert programmer yet. In 10,000 hours, you will be. All you need to do is start. Dedicate some time each day or week to checking things off this list. You can take as long as you want or move as fast as you want. If you've decided to become a great programmer, youve already accomplished the hardest part: planting the seed. Now you just have to add time and your skills will
blossom. If you need any help with any of these steps, feel free to email me and Ill do my best to help.

2. Dont worry. Do not be intimated by how much you dont understand. Computers are still largely magic even to me. We all know that computers are fundamentally about 1s and 0s, but what the hell does that really mean? It took me a long time to figure it out--it has something to do with voltages and transistors. There are endless topics in computer science and endless terms that you won't understand. But if you stick with it,
eventually almost everything will be demystified. So don't waste time or get stressed worrying about what you don't know. It will come, trust me. Remember, every great programmer at one time had NO IDEA what assembly was, or a compiler, or a pointer, or a class, or a closure, or a transistor. Many of them still dont! That's part of the fun of this subject--you'll always be learning.

3. Silicon Valley. Simply by moving to Silicon Valley, you have at least: 10x as many programmers to talk to,10x as many programming job opportunities, 10x as many programming meetups, and so on. You don't have to do this, but it will make you move much faster. The first year of my programming career was in Boston. The second year was in San Francisco. I have learned at a much faster pace my second year.

4. Read books. In December of 2007 I spent a few hundred dollars on programming books. I bought like 20 of them because I had no idea where to begin. I felt guilty spending so much money on books back then. Looking back, it was worth it hundreds of times over. You will read and learn more from a good $30 paperback book than dozens of free blogs. I could probably explain why, but its not even worth it. The data is
so very clear from my experience that trying to explain why it is that way is like trying to explain why pizza tastes better than broccoli: Im sure there are reasons but just try pizza and you'll agree with me.

5. Get mentors. I used to create websites for small businesses. Sometimes my clients would want something I didnt know how to do, simple things back then like forms. I used to search Google for the answers, and if I couldnt find them, I'd panic! Dont do that. When you get in over your head, ping mentors. They dont mind, trust me. Something that youll spend 5 hours panicking to learn will take them 2 minutes to explain to you. If you dont know any good coders, feel free to use me as your first mentor.

6. Object Oriented. This is the "language" the world codes in. Just as businessmen communicate primarily in English, coders communicate primarily in Object Oriented terms. Terms like classes and instances and inheritance. They were completely, completely, completely foreign and scary to me. Theyd make me sick to my
stomach. Then I read a good book(Object Oriented PHP, Peter Lavin), and slowly practiced the techniques, and now I totally get it. Now I can communicate and work with other programmers.

7. Publish code. If you keep a private journal and write the sentence The car green is, you may keep writing that hundreds of times without realizing its bad grammar, until you happen to come upon the correct way of doing things. If you write that in an email, someone will instantly correctly you and you probably won't make the mistake again. You can speed up your learning 1-2 orders of magnitude by sharing your work with others. Its embarrassing to make mistakes, but the only way to become great is to trudge through foul smelling swamp of embarrassment.

8. Use github. The term version control used to scare the hell out of me. Heck, it still can be pretty cryptic. But version control is crucial to becoming a great programmer. Every other developer uses it, and you can't become a great programmer by coding alone, so you'll have to start using it. Luckily, you're learning during an ideal time. Github has made learning and using version control much easier. Also, Dropbox is a great tool
that your mom could use and yet that has some of the powerful sharing and version control features of something like git.

9. Treat yourself. Build things you think are cool. Build stuff you want to use. Its more fun to work on something you are interested in. Programming is like cooking, you don't know if what you make is good until you taste it. If something you cook tastes like dog food, how will you know unless you taste it? Build things you are going to consume yourself and you'll be more interested in making it taste not like dog food.

10. Write English. Code is surprisingly more like English than like math. Great code is easy to read. In great code functions, files, classes and variables are named well. Comments, when needed, are concise and helpful. In great code the language and vocabulary is not elitist: it is easy for the layman to understand.

11. Be prolific. You dont paint the Mona Lisa by spending 5 years working on 1 piece You create the Mona Lisa by painting 1000 different works, one of them eventually happens to be the Mona Lisa. Write web apps, iPhone apps, Javascript apps, desktop apps, command line tools: as many things as you want. Start a small new project every week or even every day. You eventually have to strike a balance between quantity and
quality, but when you are young the goal should be quantity. Quality will come in time.

12. Learn Linux. The command line is not user friendly. It will take time and lots of repetition to learn it. But again, its what the world uses, you'll need at least a basic grasp of the command line to become a great programmer. When you get good at the command line, its actually pretty damn cool. Youll appreciate how much of what we depend on today was written over the course of a few decades. And youll be amazed at how much you can do from the command line. If you use Windows, get CYGWIN! I just found it a few months ago, and it is much easier and faster than running virtualized Linux instances.  

Consider the following C++ program. Explain what output is produced in response to the given user inputs.

# include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int fun1(int x) {
int ans = x / 10;
return ans;
}
void fun2(int x) {
cout << x << "* ";
}
void fun3(int x) {
cout << "fun3 ";
}
int main() {
int x;
cout << "Enter an integer: ";
cin >> x;
if (x < 10) {
cout << "Too small!" << endl; exit(1);
}
if (x == 10) fun3(x);
if (x >= 20) fun2(x);
if (x <= 20) cout << fun1(x);
cout << endl;
return 0;
}(i) The user enters: 5
Answer:
Too small!
(ii) The user enters: 15
Answer:
1
(iii) The user enters: 25
Answer:
25*
(iv) The user enters: 10
Answer:
fun3 1
(v) The user enters: 20
Answer:
20* 2

Interesting Facts about Human Body

1.) Eyes: You Blink about 20000 times a day.

2.) Hair: Hair grows about .5 mm (.02 in) a day.

3.) Mouth: You will produce 37,800 l of saliva in your life.

4.) Cells: There are 50 trillion cells in your body and 3 billion of themdie every minute.

5.) Nerves: Your body has about 13000000000000 nerve calls, transmitting message at speed of 290 km/hr.

6.) Brain power: You lose 100000 brain cells every day! The main thing is that you have 100 billion altogether. If surface area of your brain could be ironed out it wouldmeasure 2090 sq.cm.

7.) Heartbeats: Your heart pumps 13640 L of blood around your body in a day. An average heartbeat rate per minutes of our body is 70 beats and this will adds more than 100000 beats a day.

8.) Urine : You will pass 400 to 2000 ml of urine every day, depending on your age, your size and outside conditions, especially temperature.

9.) Chemicals: There is enough carbon in your body to fill 900 pencils, enough Fat to make 75 candles, enough phosphorous to make 220 match heads and enough iron to make a 7.5 cm nail.

10.) Can you overdose on vitamins? Overdosing on some vitamins can have serious side effects.
Vitamin A: Doses of more than 3752 mg can lead to liver damage,hair losses and headaches.
Vitamin B6: Doses of more than 400mg can cause numbness in the mouth.
Vitamin C: Stomach ache can be caused due to high doses of Vitamin C.
Vitamin D: Daily doses of 600 mg can interfere with the functioningof muscles.
Niacin: Doses of upto 2000 mg are prescribe to help lower cholesterol but this could cause jaundice and liver damage.

11.) Tea Or Coffee? The two main constituents of tea are“caffeine and tannin”. A tea bag contains about 40mg of caffeine and brewed tea about 30mg. Tea also contains useful fluorides, volatile oils and Vitamin B. “Caffeine” is the main constituent of coffee. A cup of brewed coffee contains about 80 mg of caffeine and instant coffee about 60 mg. Medical studies show that heavy caffeine use (more than 500 mg/day) may cause harmful physiological effects. A cup of tea or coffee (without sugar and milk)contains about 16KJ of energy.

12.) Fingers: Our fingers are so sensitive that they can detect a vibration with a movement of 0.02 cm. Our “finger nails” grow at the rate of about 0.05 mm in a week and hair about 3 mm in a week. 

Automobile Manufacturers of the World

Automobile Manufacturers of Germany—
Audi
BMW
Mercedes-Benz
Opel
Porsche
Volkswagen
RUF

Automobile Manufacturers of Japan —
Honda
Acura(A division of Honda)
Nissan
Infiniti(A division of Nissan)
Isuzu
Lexus
Mazda
Mitsubishi Motors
Subaru
Suzuki
Toyota
Yamaha

Automobile Manufacturers of India —
Bajaj
Hero MotoCorp
Maruti Suzuki
Mahindra & Mahindra Limited
Tata Motors
TVS
Ashok Leyland
Hindustan Motors

Automobile Manufacturers of Italy —
Alfa Romeo
Ferrari
Fiat
Lamborghini

Automobile Manufacturers of America —
Chevrolet
Dodge
Ford
General Motors

Automobile Manufacturers of England —
Aston Martin
Jaguar
Land Rover
McLaren

Other important Automobile Manufacturers —
Hyundai - south korea
Daewoo - south korea
Volvo – Sweden
Renault - France
Peugeot - France
Skoda – Czech

IMPORTANT ACRONYM (F)

FAO - Food & Agriculture Organisation
FAQs - Frequently Asked Questions
FATF - Financial Action Task Force
FBT - Fringe Benefit Tax
FC - Financial Conglomerate
FCAs - Foreign Currency Assets
FCCB - Foreign Currency Convertible Bond
FCI - Food Corporation of India
FCNR(B) - Foreign Currency Non-Resident (Banks)
FDI - Foreign Direct Investment
FED - Foreign Exchange Department
FEDAI - Foreign Exchange Dealers’ Association of India
FEMA - Foreign Exchange Management Act
FI - Financial Institutions
FICCI - Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
FIEO - Federation of Indian Export Organisation
FIIs - Foreign Institutional Investors
FIPB - Foreign Investment Promotion Board
FITL - Funded Interest Term Loan
FIU-IND - Financial Intelligence Unit-India
FLCCs - Financial Literacy and Credit Counseling Centres
FMCG - Fast Moving Consumer Goods
FMD - Financial Markets Department
FOF - Flow of Funds
FPS - Focus Product Scheme
FRBM - Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management
FRBs - Floating Rate Bonds
FRL - Full Reservoir Level
FRLs - Fiscal Responsibility Legislations
FSB - Financial Stability Board
FSF - Financial Stability Forum

Important Acronym of IT (A)

AAT—Average Access Time
AA—Anti-Aliasing
AAA—Authentication Authorization, Accounting
AABB—Axis Aligned Bounding Box
AAC—Advanced Audio Coding
AAL—ATM Adaptation Layer
AALC—ATM Adaptation Layer Connection
AARP—AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol
ABCL—Actor-Based Concurrent Language
ABI—Application Binary Interface
ABM—Asynchronous Balanced Mode
ABR—Area Border Router
ABR—Auto Baud-Rate detection
ABR—Available Bitrate
ABR—Average Bitrate
AC—Acoustic Coupler
AC—Alternating Current
ACD—Automatic Call Distributor
ACE—Advanced Computing Environment
ACID—Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability
ACK—ACKnowledgement
ACK—Amsterdam Compiler Kit
ACL—Access Control List
ACL—Active Current Loop
ACM—Association for Computing Machinery
ALUA—Asymmetric Logic Unit Access
ACME—Automated Classification of Medical Entities
ACP—Airline Control Program
ACPI—Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
ACR—Allowed Cell Rate
ACR—Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio
AD—Active Directory
AD—Administrative Domain
ADC—Analog-to-Digital Converter
ADC—Apple Display Connector
ADB—Apple Desktop Bus
ADCCP—Advanced Data Communications Control Procedures
ADO—ActiveX Data Objects
ADSL—Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
ADT—Abstract Data Type
AE—Adaptive Equalizer
AES—Advanced Encryption Standard
AF—Anisotropic Filtering
AFP—Apple Filing Protocol
AGP—Accelerated Graphics Port
AH—Active Hub
AI—Artificial Intelligence
AIX—Advanced Interactive eXecutive
Ajax—Asynchronous JavaScript and XML
AL—Active Link
AL—Access List
ALAC—Apple Lossless Audio Codec
ALGOL—Algorithmic Language
ALSA—Advanced Linux Sound Architecture
ALU—Arithmetic and Logical Unit
AM—Access Method
AM—Active Matrix
AMOLED—Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode
AM—Active Monitor
AM—Allied Mastercomputer
AM—Amplitude Modulation
AMD—Advanced Micro Devices
AMQP—Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
AMR—Audio Modem Riser
ANN—Artificial Neural Network
ANSI—American National Standards Institute
ANT—Another Neat Tool
AoE—ATA over Ethernet
AOP—Aspect-Oriented Programming
APCI—Application-Layer Protocol Control Information
API—Application Programming Interface
APIC—Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
APIPA—Automatic Private IP Addressing
APL—A Programming Language
APR—Apache Portable Runtime
ARC—Adaptive Replacement Cache
ARC—Advanced RISC Computing
ARIN—American Registry for Internet Numbers
ARM—Advanced RISC Machines
AROS—AROS Research Operating System
ARP—Address Resolution Protocol
ARPA—Address and Routing Parameter Area
ARPA—Advanced Research Projects Agency
ARPANET—Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
AS—Access Server
ASCII—American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASG—Abstract Semantic Graph
ASIC—Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
ASIMO—Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility
ASLR—Address Space Layout Randomization
ASM—Algorithmic State Machine
ASMP—Asymmetric Multiprocessing
ASN.1—Abstract Syntax Notation 1
ASP—Active Server Pages
ASP—Application Service Provider
ASR—Asynchronous Signal Routine
AST—Abstract Syntax Tree
ASSP—Application-Specific Standard Product
AT—Advanced Technology
AT—Access Time
AT—Active Terminator
ATA—Advanced Technology Attachment
ATAG—Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines
ATAPI—Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface
ATM—Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AVC—Advanced Video Coding
AVI—Audio Video Interleaved
AWK—Aho Weinberger Kernighan
AWT—Abstract Window Toolkit 

First Women in India

• First Women's court in India: Malda, West Bengal (24/1/2013)
• Graduates: Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi Basu, 1883
• The first woman Honours Graduate: Kamini Roy, 1886
• Head of an Undergraduate Academic Institution: Chandramukhi Basu, 1888
• The first woman Director General of Police: Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya
• Honours Graduate: Kamini Roy (1886)
• The first woman to receive Nobel Prize: Mother Teresa of Calcutta
• Women Railway Minister of India: Mamata Banerjee
• Court martialled: Anjali Gupta in 2005
• Lawyer: Cornelia Sorabjee (1892) also the first female graduate from Bombay University, and the first woman in the world to read law at Oxford.
• Photojournalist: Homai Vyarawalla (1913)[8]
• Doctorate of Science: Asima Chatterjee (1944)
• Chief Justice of a High Court (Himachal Pradesh): Leila Seth, 1991
• The first woman Air Vice Marshal: P. Bandopadhyaya
• Supreme Court judge: Kumari Fathima Beevi
• High Court Judge: Anna Chandy
• Woman President of the United Nations General Assembly: Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, 1953
• Physician: Kadambini Ganguly, 1886
• Airline Pilot: Durba Banerjee
• In space: Kalpana Chawla aboard Space Shuttle Columbia flight STS-87, on 19 November 1997. She was a naturalized United States citizen, and represented the US during the event.
• Nobel Prize winner: Mother Teresa of calcutta in 1979 (Albanian born Indian citizen)
• The first Indian woman to sit in civil services exam, to join IFS, to be a diplomat, to become the ambassador/High commissioner (She also to sue the Indian government for gender bias): Muthamma Chonira.
• The first woman to cross English Channel: Aarti Saha
• Monarch of Delhi Sultanate: Razia Sultan (1205–1240) of Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi)
• Prime Minister: Indira Gandhi, 1966
• Minister in a government: Rajkumari Amrit Kaur in the Ministry of Health
• Chief Minister of a State: Sucheta Kripalani, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, 1963–1967
• Governor: Sarojini Naidu, Governor of Uttar Pradesh, 1947–1949
• Central Minister (in pre-independent India): Vijayalakshmi Pandit, minister of local self-government and public health, 1937
• Speaker of the Lok Sabha: Meira Kumar
• Indian National Congress President: Annie Besant
• President: Pratibha Patil, 2007
• IPS Officer Kiran Bedi
• Asian Games gold medal winner: Kamlijit Sandhu
• The first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest: Bachendri Pal, 1984
• Chess Grandmaster: Koneru Humpy, 2002. She was also the youngest woman in the world to become a grandmaster at 15 years old.
• To win 1st round match in a Grand Slam event: Nirupama Vaidyanathan beat Italian Gloria Pizzichini in the first round of the 1998 Australian Open
• To reach 4th round (highest as of 2008) of a Grand Slam event: Sania Mirza in the Singles category of the 2005 US Open.
• Grand Slam junior title: Sania Mirza (partnering with Russian Alisa Kleybanova) in the Doubles category of the 2003 Wimbledon Championships.
• State Finance Minister: Dr Upinderjit Kaur, in Punjab: October, 2010
• Paris Brest Paris Cycling Event: Divya Tate (44): August, 2011[28]
• The first Indian woman pilot: Harita Kaur Deol becomes the first Indian woman pilot in the Indian Air Force (IAF), on a solo flight in 1994.
• To Cross Gobi Desert: Sucheta Kadethankar (33): 2011[29]
• First Indian woman to reach the final of an Olympic event Pilavullakandi Thekkeparambil Usha, popularly known as P. T. Usha[30]
• first woman IAS officer:Anna Rajan George(b1927)kerela qualified in 1950 sub divisional officer in TamilNadu 1951
• First and youngest Indian female Ultramarathoner (23yrs) to run a 100 Mile Race(Himalayas) Priya Darshini (October, 2007)
• First Indian Women to win Magasasay Award: Kamladevi Chattopadhyay 

TEST YOUR I.Q

Interviewer: There are 50 bricks on an airoplane.
If u drop 1 outside. How many are left?
Applicant: That's easy, 49.
Interviewer: What are the three steps to put an elephant into a fridge?
Applicant: Open the fridge.
Put the elephant in.
Close the fridge.
Interviewer: What are the four steps to put a deer into the fridge?
Applicant: Open the fridge.
Take the elephant out.
Put the deer in.
Close the fridge.
Interviewer: It's lion's birthday, all animals are there except one, why?
Applicant: Because the deer is in the fridge.
Interviewer: How does an old woman cross a swamp filled with crocodiles?
Applicant: She just crosses it because the crocodiles are at the lion's birthday.
Interviewer: Last question.
In the end the old lady still died. Why?
Applicant: Er....I guess she drowned?
Interviewer: No! She was hit by the brick fallen from the airoplane. You may leave now.

GK QUESTION AND ANSWERS

1) Which city has been selected to host the World Trade Fair 2020 (Expo 2020)?
Answer :- Dubai

2) Where was India’s first synthetic rubber plant opened?
Answer :- Panipat (Haryana)

3) Which country is to host Commonwealth summit in 2015?
Answer :- Malta

4) Who were named the World Athletes of the Year for 2013 by the International Athletic Foundation?
Answer :- Usain Bolt and Shelly-Ann Fraser Pryce

5) Who have recently been selected for Bharat Ratna, nation’s highest civilian honour?
Answer :- Prof. CNR Rao and Sachin Tendulkar

6) Who won the FIDE World Chess Championship 2013?
Answer :- Magnus Carlsen (Norway)

7) The naval variant of the surface to surface Prithvi missile, successfully test fired on November 23?
Answer :- Dhanush

8.) Which Indian became the joint fastest with Vivian Richards to reach 5000 One Day International runs?
Answer :- Virat Kohli

9) Who is the new Chairman of the Law Commission of India?
Answer :- Justice (Rtd.) Ajit Prakash Shah

10) Where was the first branch of the Bharatiya Mahila Bank inaugurated?
Answer :- Mumbai

11) What is the name given to the World’s first noiseless and emission free helicopter, which had its first successful test flight in Germany?
Answer :- Volocopter

12) …………… was named as the ‘Word of the Year 2013’ by the Oxford English Dictionary?
Answer :- Selfie 

Important Committees

1. Palekar Tribunal:-Journalists’ Pay reforms
2. U.C. Banerjee Commission:- Enquiry into Godhra carnage (railways)
3. Sarkaria Commission: Centre-State relations
4. Srikrishna Commission: 1992 Bombay riots (Srikishna also headed the Committee to look into the Lawyer-
violence of the Madras HC in 2009 and presently heads the committee to look into Separate Telangana)
5. Thakkar Commission: Indira Gandhi assassination case
6. Phukan Commission & Saharya Committee: Tehelka tapes
7. Malimath Commission: Criminal Justice
8. Upendra Commission: Inquiry on rape and murder Thangjam Manorama Devi
9. Malhotra Committee: Insurance Reforms
10. Janaki Ram Committee: Security scam
11. Ajay Vikram Singh Committee: Faster promotions in army
12. Rajinder Sachar Committee {1}: Companies and MRPT Act
13. Rajindar Sachar Committee {2}: Report on the social, economic and educational status of the Muslims of
India
14. Jyoti Basu Committee: Report on Octroi abolition
15 Balwant Rai Mehta Committee:Recommendations on decentralization system
16. Sawant Committee: Enquiry on corruption, charges against ministers & Anna Hazare
17. Chelliah Committee: Eradicating black money
18. Kothari Commission: Educational reforms
19. Wanchoo Committee: Tax enquiry
20. Bhanu Pratap Singh Committee: Agriculture
21. Aggarwal Committee: Nepotism in granting petrol pump, LPG connections
22. Rangarajan Committee: Reforms in private sector
23. Naresh Chandra Committee: Corporate governance
24. Chakravarti Committee: Banking sector reforms
25. Rekhi Committee: Structure of indirect taxation
26. G.V.Ramakrishna Committee: Disinvestment in PSU shares
27. Kelkar Committee: First committee on backward castes
28. P.C.Hotha Committee: Restructuring of civil services
29. Justice B.N.Kirpal Committee: 1st chairman National Forest Commission
30. Godbole Committee :Enron Power Project
31. J.C.Kumarappa Committee: Congress agrarian Reforms Committee
32. Swaminathan Committee: Population policy
33. Rangarajan Committee: Statistics
34. Wardha Committee: Inquiry on murder of Graham Staines
35. N.N. Vohra Committee: Criminalization of politics
36. Kelkar Committee {2}: Direct-Indirect Taxes
37. Alagh Committee: Civil Service Examinations
38. Abid Hussain Committee: Recommendations on Small scale industries
39. Narasimham Committee: Banking sector reforms
40. Chelliah Committee:Tax reforms
41. Mashelkar Committee: National Auto Fuel Policy
42. Boothalingam Committee : Recommendations on integrated wages, income and price policy
43. Omkar Goswami Committee: Industrial sickness
44. Yashpal Committee: Review of School Education system
45. Ram Nandan Prasad Committee: Constitution of creamy layers among Backward Castes
46. Kelkar Committee{3} :Enquiry on Kargil defense deals.
47. M.M. Punchhi Commission: Centre-State Relations [note- this committee has been set up recently- after
the sad demise of Justice (Retd.) Sarkaria]
48. Thorat Committee: Caste-based discrimination against students in AIIMS
49. R.K.Raghavan Committee: Ragging in colleges
51. James Lyngdoh Committee- Student politics and student-body elections in colleges.
52. E.M.S. Nachiappan Committee: Reforms in the higher judiciary
53. Soli Sorabjee Committee: Police Reforms [it was constituted after the Judgement of the Supreme Court in
Parkash Singh vs Union of India (2006)
54. Ganguli Committee: Review of health facilty planning and healthcare engineering and management
55. Percy Mistry Committee: Making Mumbai an IFC (International Financial Centre)
56. K.T. Thomas Committee- to look into ways of enhancing the effectives of the Prevention of Damage to
Public Property Act
57. Fali S. Nariman Committee- Accountability and damages with regard to destruction of public property
58. Satwant Reddy Committee- review of laws relating to registration of pharmaceutical drugs and clinical
trials
59. Raghuram C. Rajan Committee- financial sector reforms
60. Shah Commission (1966)- reorganisation of States
61. Tarkunde Committee- composition of the Election Commission and other electoral reforms
62. Dinesh Goswami Committee- electoral reforms
63. G.V.K. Rao Committee (1985) – set up by the planning commission in 1985, to look into the
Administrative Arrangement for Rural Development and poverty Alleviation Programmes.
64. Butler Committee: Relation between Indian states & paramount power (the Queen of Britain)
65. Hurtog Committee: Growth of British India education-its effects
66. Muddiman Committee: Working of Diarchy as in Montague Chelmsford reforms

Important Inventors & their Inventions (Inventors name in alphabetical order-A)

1. Bruno Abakanowicz, (1852–1900) Poland– Integraph, spirograph
2. Vitaly Abalakov, (1906–1986), Russia – camming devices, Abalakov thread (or V-thread) gearless ice climbing anchor
3. Hovannes Adamian, (1879–1932), Armenia/Russia – tricolor principle of the color television
4. Robert Adler, (1913–2007), Austria/United States – wireless remote control (with Eugene Polley)
5. Anatoly Alexandrov, (1903–1994), Russia – anti-mine demagnetising of ships, naval nuclear reactors (including one for the first nuclear icebreaker)
6. Alexandre Alexeieff, (1901–1982) Russia/France – pinscreen animation (with his wife Claire Parker)
7. Rostislav Alexeyev, (1916–1980), Russia – ekranoplan
8. Zhores Alferov, (1930), Russia – heterotransistor, continuous-wave-operating diode laser (together with Dmitri Garbuzov)
9. Genrich Altshuller, (1926–1998), Russia – TRIZ ("The Theory of Solving Inventor's Problems")
10. Hermann Anschütz-Kaempfe, (1872–1931), Germany – Gyrocompass
11. Mary Anderson, (1866–1953), United States – windshield wiper blade
12. Vasily Andreyev, (1861–1918), Russia – standard balalaika
13. Oleg Antonov, (1906–1984), Russia – An-series aircraft, including A-40 winged tank and An-124 (the largest serial cargo, later modified to world's largest fixed-wing aircraft An-225)
14. Nicolas Appert, (1749–1841), France – canning (airtight food preservation)
15. Archimedes, (c. 287–212 BC), Greece – Archimedes' screw
16. Ami Argand, (1750–1803), France – Argand lamp
17. Edwin Howard Armstrong, (1890–1954), U.S. – FM radio
18. William George Armstrong, (1810–1900), UK – hydraulic accumulator
19. Neil Arnott, (1788–1874), UK – waterbed
20. Lev Artsimovich, (1909–1973), Russia – tokamak
21. Joseph Aspdin, (1788–1855), UK – Portland cement
22. John Vincent Atanasoff, (1903–1995), Bulgaria/U.S. – modern digital computer

BRAIN DAMAGING HABITS

1. No Breakfast- People who do not take breakfast are going to have a lower blood sugar level. This leads to an insufficient supply of nutrients to the brain causing brain degeneration.

2. Overeating- It causes hardening of the brain arteries, leading to a decrease in mental power.

3. Smoking- It causes multiple brain shrinkage and may lead to Alzheimer disease.

4. High Sugar consumption- Too much sugar will interrupt the absorption of proteins and nutrients causing malnutrition and may interfere with brain development.

5. Air Pollution- The brain is the largest oxygen consumer in our body. Inhaling polluted air decreases the supply of oxygen to the brain, bringing about a decrease in brain efficiency.

6. Sleep Deprivation- Sleep allows our brain to rest. Long term deprivation from sleep will accelerate the death of brain cells.

7. Head covered- while sleeping Sleeping with the head covered increases the concentration of carbon dioxide and decrease concentration of oxygen that may lead to brain damaging effects.

8. Working your brain during illness Working hard or studying with sickness may lead to a decrease in effectiveness of the brain as well as damage the brain.

9. Lacking in stimulating thoughts Thinking is the best way to train our brain, lacking in brain stimulation thoughts may cause brain shrinkage.

10. Talking Rarely Intellectual conversations will promote the efficiency of the brain.

WAP to find out if a given number is a power series of 2 or not,without any loop and without using % modulo operator.

# include #include
int pow2(float );
void main()
{
int i,flag;
clrscr();
printf("En ter the number\n") ;
scanf("%d" ,&i);
flag=pow2( i);
if(flag)
printf("\n %d is power series of 2",i);
else
printf("\n %d is not a power series of 2",i);
getch();
}
int pow2(float j)
{
static float x;
x=j/2;
if(x==2)
return 1;
if(x
return 0;
x=pow2(x);
}

26 TIPS FOR MANAGING STRESS

1. Always take time for yourself, at least 30 minutes per day.
2. Be aware of your own stress meter: Know when to step back and cool down.
3. Concentrate on controlling your own situation, without controlling
everybody else.
4. Daily exercise will burn off the stress chemicals.
5. Eat lots of fresh fruit, veggies, bread and water, give your body the best for it to perform at its best.
6. Forgive others, don't hold grudges and be tolerant -- not everyone is as capable as you.
7. Gain perspective on things, how important is the issue?
8. Hugs, kisses and laughter: Have fun and don't be afraid to share your feelings with others.
9. Identify stressors and plan to deal with them better next time.
10. Judge your own performance realistically; don't set goals out of your own reach.
11. Keep a positive attitude, your outlook will influence outcomes and the way others treat you.
12. Limit alcohol, drugs and other stimulants, they affect your perception and behaviour.
13. Manage money well, seek advice and save at least 10 per cent of what you earn.
14. No is a word you need to learn to use without feeling guilty.
15. Outdoor activities by yourself, or with friends and family, can be a great way to relax.
16. Play your favourite music rather than watching television.
17. Quit smoking: It is stressing your body daily, not to mention killing you too.
18. Relationships: Nurture and enjoy them, learn to listen more and talk less.
19. Sleep well, with a firm mattress and a supportive pillow; don't overheat yourself and allow plenty of ventilation.
20. Treat yourself once a week with a massage, dinner out, the movies: Moderation is the key.
21. Understand things from the other person's point of view.
22. Verify information from the source before exploding.
23. Worry less, it really does not get things completed better or quicker.
24. Xpress: Make a regular retreat to your favourite space, make holidays part of your yearly plan and budget.
25. Yearly goal setting: Plan what you want to achieve based on your priorities in your career, relationships,etc.
26. Zest for life: Each day is a gift, smile and be thankful that you are a part of the bigger picture.

Banking Updates and current affairs :

1)BoB was conferred with the Best Bank Award for the MSME sector.
2)Bank staff can claim benefits even on removal from service: Apex court
3)The Supreme Court has ruled that a bank employee can claim pension and encashment of leave even when
terminated from service.
4)Not going to change Interest Rate of Any Product near future says SBI
5)Bimal Jalan Committee to submit its report on Banking Licence by Feb end.
6)We're confident about Banking Licence says L&T
7)AAP govt writes to DIPP, withdraws permission for FDI funded retail stores.
Each state can decide whether it wants to allow FDI in retail,
Delhi becomes the first state to withdraw permission for FDI funded retail stores.
8)Union Minister Sachin Pilot and Party MP Arun Yadav appointed as Congress Chief in Rajasthan and MP
9)Vipul Chaudhary, Chairman of Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) that markets its
products under the Amul brand, has been removed from the post.
10)Central employees on 48 hours strike - Feb 12&13 2014
Confederation declared 48 hours nationwide strike of Central Govt Employees on 12th&13th February 2014
demanding settlement of 15 point Charter of Demands including DA Merger, Interim Relief, Inclusion of Gramin
Dak Sewaks in 7th CPC, Regularization & Revision of wages for casual labours , Date of effect of 7th CPC as
1/1/2014, Rescind the PFRDA Act etc.
11)Private sector lender Development Credit Bank Ltd will now be DCB Bank Ltd says RBI
12)EPFO decided to increase the PF Interest rate by 25 bps to 8.75% for 2013-14
13)Tata Motors launches Nano Twist with power steering starting at Rs 2.36 lakh
14)BankingUpdates : XBipartite_Settlement
As we earlier posted that formal announcement will be done by IBA on 13th Jan to meet with UFBU on 17th
Jan, IBA agreed to talk with Unions on 17th Jan 2014 to avoid STRIKE

IMPORTANT INFORMATION - NATIONALIZED BANKS

1.The oldest Joint Stock Bank of India -- Allahabad Bank
2. The bank founded by Freedom Fighter Dr. Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya -- Andhra Bank
3. First bank to open a branch outside India -- Bank of India, London, 1946
4. The first bank to be given an ISO 9002 certificate for one of its branches -- Canara Bank
5. The Postal Dept has issued a commemorative stamp in the name of this bank celebrating 100 years in 2011
-- Central Bank of India
6. First Indian Bank to be wholly owned by Indians -- Central Bank of India
7. The bank formed on the efforts of Lala Lajpat Rai -- Punjab National Bank
8. The only merger of nationalized banks took place between -- Punjab National Bank and New Bank of India
in 1993
9. The bank whose brand equity is "Pygmy Deposit Scheme" -- Syndicate Bank
10. The bank which was conceived by Shri GD Birla -- UCO Bank
11. The bank which was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1919 -- Union Bank of India
12. The largest among nationalized banks -- Punjab National Bank
13. The bank established in the year 1913 as Bank of Mysore Ltd. at the instance of the banking committee
headed by the great Engineer - Statesman, Late Dr. Sir M.Visvesvaraya -- State Bank of Mysore

Main Points of Food Security Bill 2013:

1. The food security bill approved is directed towards giving the right to food to around 67 per cent of India's 120-crore population (including 75% rural and 50% urban).

2. While families in the poorest of the poor will continue to get 35 kg of grains per month.

3. Rice will be made available at 3 Rupees per Kg.

4. Wheat will cost 2 rupees a kg and cereal will be sold for 1 Rupees per kg.

5. The Food Security programme will be the biggest in the world with the government spending estimated at Rs. 1,25,000 crore annually on supply of about 62 million tonnes of rice, wheat and coarse cereals to 67 percent of the population.

6. About 2.43 crore poorest of the poor families covered under the Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) scheme under PDS (Public Distribution System) would continue to get 35 kg of food grains per family per month but with legal entitlement.

7. In Union Budget 2013-14, Rs 10,000 crore set aside for incremental cost for National Food Security Bill.

8. The scheme will be linked to the Aadhar scheme which provides every citizen with a unique identification number that's linked to a database that includes the biometrics of all card-holders.

9. C Rangarajan is the head of the committee for examination of the Food Security Bill.

10. NOTE: Chhattisgarh the first state to pass legislation on food security. The state legislative assembly passed the Food Security Bill 2012 that confers legal rights to the beneficiaries to receive food grains and food items at highly subsidized prices.

4 THINGS YOU PROBABLY NEVER KNEW YOUR MOBILE PHONE COULD DO

There are a few things that can be done in times of grave emergencies. . Your mobile phone can actually be a life saver or an emergency tool for survival. Check out the things that you can do with it:

FIRST:
Emergency The Emergency Number worldwide for Mobile is 112. If you find yourself out of the coverage area of your mobile; network and there is an emergency, dial 112 and the mobile will search any existing network to establish the emergency number for you, and interestingly this number 112 can be dialled even if the keypad is locked. Try
it out...

SECOND:
Have you locked your keys in the car?
Does your car have remote key less entry?
This may come in handy someday. Good reason to own a cell phone: If you lock your keys in the car and the spare keys are at home, call someone at home on their mobile phone from your cell phone. Hold your cell phone about a foot from your car door and have the person at your home press the unlock button, holding it near the mobile phone on their end. Your car will unlock. Saves someone from having to drive your keys to you. Distance is no object. You could be hundreds of miles away, and if you can reach someone who has the other' remote ' for your car, you can unlock the doors (or the trunk)...

THIRD:
Hidden Battery Power Imagine your mobile battery is very low. To activate, press the keys *3370# Your mobile will restart with this reserve and the instrument will show a 50% increase in battery. This reserve will get charged when you charge your mobile next time.

FOURTH:
How to disable a STOLEN mobile phone?
To check your Mobile phone ' s serial number, key in the following digits on your phone: * # 0 6 # A 15 digit code will appear on the screen. This number is unique to your handset.. Write it down and keep it somewhere safe. When your phone get stolen, you can phone your service provider and give them this code. They will then be able to block your handset so even if the thief changes the SIM card, your phone will be totally useless. You probably won ' t get your phone back, but at least you know that whoever stole it can ' t use/sell it either. If everybody does this, there would be no point in people stealing mobile phones.

MICROSOFT EXCEL SHORTCUT KEYS

1. F2 Edit the selected cell
2. F3 After a name has been created F3 will paste names
3. F5 Go to a specific cell. For example, C6
4. F7 Spell check selected text or document
5. F11 Create chart from selected data
6. Ctrl + Shift + ; Enter the current time
7. Ctrl + ; Enter the current date
8. Alt + Shift + F1 Insert new worksheet
9. Shift + F3 Open the Excel formula window
10. Shift + F5 Bring up search box
11. Ctrl + A Select all contents of the worksheet
12. Ctrl + B Bold highlighted section
13. Ctrl + I Italic highlighted section
14. Ctrl + K Insert link
15. Ctrl + U Underline highlighted section
16. Ctrl + 1 Change the format of selected cells
17. Ctrl + 5 Strike through highlighted section
18. Ctrl + P Bring up the print dialogue box to begin printing
19. Ctrl + Z Undo last action
20. Ctrl + F3 Open Excel Name Manager
21. Ctrl + F9 Minimize current window
22. Ctrl + F10 Maximize currently selected window
23. Ctrl + F6 Switch between open work books or windows
24. Ctrl + Page up Move between Excel work sheets in the same Excel document
25. Ctrl + page down Move between Excel worksheets in the same Excel document
26. Ctrl + Tab Move between two or more open Excel document
27. Alt + = Create a formula to sum all of the above cells
28. Ctrl + ’ Insert the value of the above cell into cell currently selected
29. Ctrl + Shift + ! Format number in comma format
30. Ctrl + Shift + $ Format number in currency format
31. Ctrl + Shift + # Format number in date format
32. Ctrl + Shift + % Format number in percentage format
33. Ctrl + Shift + ^ Format number in scientific format
34. Ctrl + Shift + @ Format number in time format
35. Ctrl + Arrow key Move to the next selection on text
36. Ctrl + Space Select entire column
37. Shift + Space Select entire row
38. Ctrl + - Delete the selected column or row
39. Ctrl + shift + = Insert a new column or row
40. Ctrl + Home Move to cell A1
41. Ctrl + ~ Switch between showing Excel formulas or their values in cells 

Write a program to delete a specified line from a text file.

In this program, user is asked for a filename he needs to change. User is also asked for the line number that is to be deleted. The filename is stored in'filename' . The file is opened and all the data is transferre d to another file except that one line the user specifies to delete.

Program: Program to delete a specific line.

# include int main(){
FILE *fp1, *fp2;
// consider 40 character string to store filename
char filename[4 0];
char c;
int del_line, temp = 1;
//asks user for file name
printf("En ter file name:");
// receives file name from user and stores in'filename'
scanf("%s" , filename);
//open file in read mode
fp1 = fopen(file name,"r");
c = getc(fp1);
//until the last character of file is obtained
while (c != EOF)
{
printf("%c ", c);
//print current character and read next character
c = getc(fp1);
}
//rewind
rewind(fp1 );
printf("\n Enter line number of the line to be deleted:") ;
//accept number from user.
scanf("%d" ,&del_line) ;
//open new file in write mode
fp2 = fopen("cop y.c","w");
c = getc(fp1);
while (c != EOF){
c = getc(fp1);
if (c =='\n')
temp++;
//except the line to be deleted
if (temp != del_line)
{
//copy all lines in file copy.c
putc(c, fp2);
}
}
//close both the files.
fclose(fp1 );
fclose(fp2 );
//remove original file
remove(fil ename);
//rename the file copy.c to original name
rename("co py.c", filename);
printf("\n The contents of file after being modified are as follows:\n ");
fp1 = fopen(file name,"r");
c = getc(fp1);
while (c != EOF){
printf("%c ", c);
c = getc(fp1);
}
fclose(fp1 );
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter file name:abc.t xt
hi.
Hello
how are you?
I am fine
hope the same
Enter line number of the line to be deleted:4
The contents of file after being modified are as follows:
hi.
hello
how are you?
hope the same
Explanatio n:
In this program, user is asked for a filename that needs to be modified. Entered file name is stored in a char array'filename' . This file is opened in read mode using file pointer'fp1'. Character'c'is used to read characters from the file and print them to the output. User is asked for the line number in the file to be deleted. The file
pointer is rewinded back and all the lines of the file except for the line to be deleted are copied into another file "copy.c". Now"copy.c"is renamed to the original filename. The original file is opened in read mode and the modified contents of the file are displayed on the screen. 

Write a program to compare two strings without using strcmp() function.

strcmp() function compares two strings lexicograp hically. strcmp is declared in stdio.h
Case 1: when the strings are equal, it returns zero.
Case 2: when the strings are unequal, it returns the difference between ascii values of the characters that
differ.
a) When string1 is greater than string2, it returns positive value.
b) When string1 is lesser than string2, it returns negative value.
Syntax:
int strcmp (const char *s1, const char *s2);
Program: to compare two strings.

# include #include
int cmpstr(cha r s1[10], char s2[10]);
int main(){
char arr1[10] ="Nodalo";
char arr2[10] ="nodalo";
printf("%d", cmpstr(arr 1, arr2));
// cmpstr() is equivalent of strcmp()
return 0;
}/
/s1, s2 are strings to be compared
int cmpstr(cha r s1[10], char s2[10]){
//strlen function returns the length of argument string passed
int i = strlen(s1) ;
int k = strlen(s2) ;
int bigger;
if (i<k){
bigger = k;
}
else if (i>k){
bigger = i;
}
else{
bigger = i;
}
//loops'bigger'times
for (i = 0; i<bigger; i++){
// if ascii values of characters s1[i], s2[i] are equal do nothing
if (s1[i] == s2[i]){
}
//else return the ascii difference
else{
return (s1[i] - s2[i]);
}
}
//return 0 when both strings are same
//This statement is executed only when both strings are equal
return (0);
}
Output:
-32
Explanatio n:
cmpstr() is a function that illustrate s C standard function strcmp(). Strings to be compared are sent as arguments to cmpstr().
Each character in string1 is compared to its correspond ing character in string2. Once the loop encounters a differing character in the strings, it would return the ascii difference of the differing characters and exit.

Worlds best 8 Superb Sentences

Shakespeare.
"Never Play With The Feelings Of Others Because You May Win The Game But The Risk Is That You Will Surely Lose The Person For A Life Time".

Napoleon.
"The world suffers a lot. Not because of the violence of bad people, But because of the silence of good people!"

Einstein.
"I am thankful to all those who said NO to me It's because of them I did it myself."

Abraham Lincoln.
"If friendship is your weakest point then You are the strongest person in the world."

Shakespeare.
"Laughing Faces Do Not Mean That There Is Absence Of Sorrow! But It Means That They Have The Ability To Deal With It".

William Arthur.
"Opportunities Are Like Sunrises, If You Wait Too Long You Can Miss Them".

Hitler.
"When You Are In The Light, Everything Follows You, But When You Enter Into The Dark, Even Your Own Shadow Doesn't Follow You."

Shakespeare.
"Coin Always Makes Sound But The Currency Notes Are Always Silent. So When Your Value Increases Keep Quiet. 

Moment of thinking...

These are few questions asked in HR interview! The answers are really stunning and
inspiring. Thinking out of the box! A must read…

Question 1:
You are driving along in your car on a wild, stormy night, it's raining heavily, when suddenly you pass by a bus stop, and you see three people waiting for a bus:

* An old lady who looks as if she is about to die.

* An old friend who once saved your life.

* The perfect partner you have been dreaming about.

Which one would you choose to offer a ride to, knowing very well that there could only be one passenger in your car?

This is a moral/ethical dilemma that was once actually used as part of a job application.

He simply answered: "I would give the car keys to my Old friend and let him take the lady to the hospital. I would stay behind and wait for the bus with the partner of my dreams."

Sometimes, we gain more if we are able to give up our stubborn thought limitations. Never forget to "Think Outside of the Box."

Question 2:
What will you do if I run away with your sister?
The candidate who was selected answered " I will not get a better match for my sister than you sir"

Question 3:
Interviewer (to a student girl candidate) – What is one morning you woke up & found that you were pregnant.
Girl – I will be very excited and take an off, to celebrate with my husband.
Normally an unmarried girl will be shocked to hear this, but she managed it well. Why I should think it in the wrong way, she said later when asked.

Question 4:
Interviewer: He ordered a cup of coffee for the candidate. Coffee arrived kept before the candidate, then he asked what is before you?
Candidate: Instantly replied "Tea"
He got selected.

You know how and why did he say "TEA" when he knows very well that coffee was kept before.

(Answer: The question was "What is before you (U – alphabet) Reply was "TEA" ( T – alphabet) Alphabet "T" was before Alphabet "U"

Question5;
Interviewer said "I shall either ask you ten easy questions or one really difficult question. Think well before you make up your mind!"

The boy thought for a while and said, "my choice is one really difficult question."

"Well, good luck to you, you have made your own choice! Now tell me this. "What comes first, Day or Night?"

The boy was jolted into reality as his admission depends on the correctness of his answer, but he thought for a while and said, "It's the DAY sir!"

"How" the interviewer asked,

"Sorry sir, you promised me that you will not ask me a SECOND difficult question!"
___
Sometimes just thinking out of the box is all it takes!

Share with your friend and give them a special moment of thinking…!! 

IMPORTANT CURRENT AFFAIRS : 11.01.2014

1. Gorakhpur railway station entered Limca Book of Records as world’s longest rail platform in the world. The platform’s length is 1355.40 meters and was inaugurated in 6 October 2013.

2. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) has reduced refinance rate for banks and other lending agencies by 0.20 per cent to promote rural credit and rural infrastructure.

3. Delhi CM Arvind Kejriwal leaves 'janata darbar' midway after chaos. According to TV reports, Kejriwal left the meeting to hear public grievances midway after crowds swelled outside the Delhi Secretariat, with some even breaking the security barricades in order to have a word with the Delhi's CM.

4. Nandan Nilekani ready to contest LS polls on Congress ticket. 58-year - old Nilekani, who is the Chairman of the Unique Identification Authority of India, said talks are going on about the constituency from which he should be contesting. He added that he would join Congress, which has been very "supportive" to him and his ideas.

5. The Bank of Japan (BOJ) and RBI concluded an agreement that expands the maximum amount of the bilateral swap arrangement (BSA) between the two countries to USD 50 billion.

6. John Isner wins Auckland title in Open buildup. John Isner fired 23 aces in a match which had no service breaks to beat Lu Yen-hsun of Taiwan 7-6 (4), 7-6 (7) in the final.

7. Nirbheek, India's first gun for women, launched on 9 January 2014. It is a tribute to the gang rape victim of December 2012, Nirbhaya. Gun has been manufactured by the Indian Ordnance Factory, Kanpur.

8. Ali Larayedh, the Prime Minister of Tunisia resigned from his office on 9 January 2014, following a deal between the Islamist Ennahda Party of Ali Larayedh and the secular opposition for a transition to the democracy in the country. It’s likely that the name of Mehdi Jomaa will be announced by the President of Tunisia for appointment.

9. Rohan Bopanna and his Pakistani teammate Aisam-Ul-Haq Qureshi today ended as runners up in the Sydney International Tennis tournament.

10. India lose 0-2 against England in campaign opener at the Hero Hockey World League Final, in New Delhi on Friday.

11. Social activist IIa Pathak passed away due to prolonged illness in Ahmedabad on 9 January 2014. She was the founder of Ahmedabad Women’s Action Group (AWAG).

12. LIC has re-launched its “Jeevan Anand” plan, a participating non-linked plan which offers an attractive combination of protection and savings. 

Write a program to check whether the given string is a palindrome .

Palindrome is a string, which when read in both forward and backward way is same.
Example: radar, madam, pop, lol, rubber, etc.,

Program:
# include #include
int main(){
char string1[20 ];
int i, length;
int flag = 0;
printf("En ter a string: \n");
scanf("%s" , string1);
length = strlen(str ing1);
for(i=0;i<length ;i++){
if(string1 [i] != string1[le ngth-i-1]) {
flag = 1;
break;
}
}
if (flag){
printf("%s is not a palindrome \n", string1);
}
else{
printf("%s is a palindrome \n", string1);
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter a string: radar
"radar"is a palindrome
Explanatio n with example:
To check if a string is a palindrome or not, a string needs to be compared with the reverse of itself.
Consider a palindrome string:"radar",
---------- ---------- -------
index: 0 1 2 3 4
value: r a d a r
---------- ---------- -------
To compare it with the reverse of itself, the following logic is used:
0th character in the char array, string1 is same as 4th character in the same string.
1st character is same as 3rd character.
2nd character is same as 2nd character.
. . . .
ith character is same as'length-i- 1'th character.
If any one of the above condition fails, flag is set to true(1), which implies that the string is not a palindrome .
By default, the value of flag is false(0). Hence, if all the conditions are satisfied, the string is a palindrome .

Write a program to find the greatest of three numbers

Program:

# include int main(){
int a, b, c;
printf("En ter a,b,c: \n");
scanf("%d %d %d",&a,&b,&c);
if (a>b&&a>c){
printf("a is Greater than b and c");
}
else if (b>a&&b>c){
printf("b is Greater than a and c");
}
else if (c>a&&c>b){
printf("c is Greater than a and b");
}
else{
printf("al l are equal or any two values are equal");
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter a,b,c: 3 5 8
c is Greater than a and b
Explanatio n with examples:
Consider three numbers a=5,b=4,c= 8
if(a>b&&a>c) then a is greater than b and c
now check this condition for the three numbers 5,4,8 i.e.
if(5>4&&5>8) /* 5>4 is true but 5>8 fails */
so the control shifts to else if condition
else if(b>a&&b>c) then b is greater than a and c
now checking this condition for 5,4,8 i.e.
else if(4>5&&4>8) / * both the conditions fail */
now the control shifts to the next else if condition
else if(c>a&&c>b) then c is greater than a and b
now checking this condition for 5,4,8 i.e.
else if(8>5&&8>4) / * both conditions are satisfied */
Thus c is greater than a and b.

Foreign Ministers Of India since Independence And Chief Election Commissioners of India

Foreign Ministers Of India since Independence

Jawaharlal Nehru— 2 September 1946 to 27 May 1964
Gulzarilal Nanda— 27 May 1964 to 9 June 1964
Lal Bahadur Shastri —9 June 1964 to 17 July 1964
Sardar Swaran Singh— 18 July 1964 to 14 November 1966
M. C. Chagla—14 November 1966 to 5 September 1967
Indira Gandhi—6 September 1967 to 13 February 1969
Dinesh Singh—14 February 1969 to 27 June 1970
Sardar Swaran Singh—27 June 1970 to 10 October 1974
Yashwantrao Chavan—10 October 1974 to 24 March 1977
Atal Bihari Vajpayee—26 March 1977 to 28 July 1979
Shyam Nandan Prasad Mishra—28 July 1979 to 13 January 1980
P. V. Narasimha Rao—14 January 1980 to 19 July 1984
Indira Gandhi—19 July 1984 to 31 October 1984(facebook/cnaonweb)
Rajiv Gandhi—31 October 1984 to 24 September 1985
Bali Ram Bhagat—25 September 1985 to 12 May 1986
P. Shiv Shankar—12 May 1986 to 22 October 1986
N. D. Tiwari—22 October 1986 to 25 July 1987
Rajiv Gandhi —25 July 1987 to 25 June 1988
P. V. Narasimha Rao—25 June 1988 to 2 December 1989
V. P. Singh—2 December 1989 to 5 December 1989
I. K. Gujral—5 December 1989 to 10 November 1990
Vidya Charan Shukla—21 November 1990 to 20 February 1991
Madhavsinh Solanki—21 June 1991 to 31 March 1992
P. V. Narasimha Rao—31 March 1992 to 18 January 1993
Dinesh Singh—18 January 1993 to 10 February 1995
Pranab Mukherjee—10 February 1995 to 16 May 1996
Sikander Bakht—21 May 1996 to 1 June 1996
I. K. Gujral—1 June 1996 to 18 March 1998
Atal Bihari Vajpayee—19 March 1998 to 5 December 1998(facebook/cnaonweb)
Jaswant Singh—5 December 1998 to 23 June 2002
Yashwant Sinha—1 July 2002 to 22 May 2004
K. Natwar Singh—22 May 2004 to 6 November 2005
Manmohan Singh—6 November 2005 to 24 October 2006
Pranab Mukherjee—24 October 2006 to 22 May 2009(facebook/cnaonweb)
S. M. Krishna—22 May 2009 to 26 October 2012
Salman Khurshid—28 October 2012 Incumbent
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chief Election Commissioners of India

1 Sukumar Sen—21 March 1950 to19 December 1958
2 Kalyan Sundaram—20 December 1958 to 30 September 1967
3 S. P. Sen Verma—1 October 1967 to 30 September 1972
4 Nagendra Singh—1 October 1972 to 6 February 1973
5 T. Swaminathan—7 February 1973 to 17 June 1977
6 S. L. Shakdhar—18 June 1977 to 17 June 1982
7 R. K. Trivedi—18 June 1982 to 31 December 1985
8 R. V. S. Peri Sastri—1 January 1986 to 25 November 1990
9 V. S. Ramadevi—26 November 1990 to 11 December 1990
10 T. N. Seshan— 12 December1990 to 11 December 1996
11 M. S. Gill— 12 December— 1996 to 13 June 2001(FACEBOOK/CNAONWEB)
12 J. M. Lyngdoh—14 June 2001 to 7 February 2004
12 T. S. Krishnamurthy—8 February 2004 to 15 May 2005
13 B. B. Tandon—16 May 2005 to 29 June 2006(FACEBOOK/CNAONWEB)
14 N. Gopalaswami—30 June 2006 to 20 April 2009
15 Navin Chawla—21 April 2009 to 29 July 2010(FACEBOOK/CNAONWEB)
16 S. Y. Quraishi—30 July 2010 to 10 June 2012
17 V. S. Sampath—10 June 2012 to incumbent

Write a program to swap two numbers using bitwise operators.

PROGRAM

# include int main(){
int i = 65;
int k = 120;
printf("\n value of i=%d k=%d before swapping", i, k);
i = i ^ k;
k = i ^ k;
i = i ^ k;
printf("\n value of i=%d k=%d after swapping", i, k);
return 0;
}
Explanatio n:
i = 65; binary equivalent of 65 is 0100 0001
k = 120; binary equivalent of 120 is 0111 1000
i = i^k;
i...0100 0001
k...0111 1000
---------
val of i = 0011 1001
---------
k = i^k
i...0011 1001
k...0111 1000
---------
val of k = 0100 0001 binary equivalent of this is 65
---------( that is the initial value of i)
i = i^k
i...0011 1001
k...0100 0001
---------
val of i = 0111 1000 binary equivalent of this is 120
--------- (that is the initial value of k)

UPSC EXAMS - 2014 SCHEDULE

1. NDA & NA Exam 2014 :-

Date of advertisement : 21st December 2013
Last date of application : 20th January 2014
Date of Exam : 20th April 2014

2. IES/ISS Exam 2014 :-
Date of advertisement: 8th February 2014
Last date of application: 10th March 2014
Date of Exam: 24th May 2014

3. Geologists Exam 2014 :-
Date of advertisement: 15th February 2014
Last date of application: 17th March 2014
Date of Exam: 24th May 2014

4. CISF AC (EXE) LDCE 2014 :-
Date of advertisement: 1st March 2014
Last date of application: 31st March 2014
Date of Exam: 1st June 2014

5. Engineering Services Examination 2014 :-
Date of advertisement: 15th March 2014
Last date of application: 14th April 2014
Date of Exam: 20th June 2014

6. Combined Medical Services Exam 2014 :-
Date of advertisement: 22nd March 2014
Last date of application: 21st April 2014
Date of Exam: 22nd June 2014

7. UPSC RT/Exam :-
Date of Exam: 6th July 2014

8. Central Armed Police Forces Exam 2014
Date of advertisement: 4th April 2014
Last date of application: 5th May 2014
Date of Exam: 13th July 2014

9. UPSC RT/Exam :-
Date of Exam: 17th August 2014

10. Civil Services Preliminary Exam 2014
Date of advertisement: 17th May 2014
Last date of application: 16th June 2014
Date of Exam: 24th August 2014

11. Indian Forest Service Preliminary Exam 2014 :-
Date of advertisement: 17th May 2014
Last date of application: 16th June 2014
Date of Exam: 24th August 2014

12. N.D.A.& N.A. Exam (ii) 2014 :-
Date of advertisement: 21st June 2014
Last date of application: 21st July 2014
Date of Exam: 28th September 2014

13. UPSC RT/Exam :-
Date of Exam: 12th October 2014

14. CDS Exam (ii) 2014
Date of advertisement: 19th July 2014
Last date of application: 18th August 2014
Date of Exam: 26th October 2014

15. Indian Forest Service Main Exam 2014
Date of Exam: 22nd November 2014

16. Civil Services Main Exam 2014
Date of Exam: 14th December 2014

17. S.O./Steno Departmental Competitive exam
Date of advertisement: 20th September 2014
Last date of application: 20th October 2014
Date of Exam: 27th December 2014
SHARE PLEASE.

Did you know..??

* VIRUS - Vital Information Resource UnderSeized.

* 3G -3rd Generation.

* GSM - Global System for Mobile Communication.

* CDMA - Code Divison Multiple Access.

* UMTS - Universal MobileTelecommunication System.

* SIM - Subscriber Identity Module .

* AVI = Audio Video Interleave

* RTS = Real Time Streaming

* SIS = Symbian OS Installer File

* AMR = Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec

* JAD = Java Application Descriptor

* JAR = Java Archive

* JAD = Java Application Descriptor

* 3GPP = 3rd Generation Partnership Project

* 3GP = 3rd Generation Project

* MP3 = MPEG player lll

* MP4 = MPEG-4 video file

*AAC = Advanced Audio Coding

* GIF= Graphic InterchangeableFormat

* JPEG = Joint Photographic Expert Group

* BMP = Bitmap

* SWF = Shock Wave Flash

* WMV = Windows Media Video

* WMA = Windows Media Audio

* WAV = Waveform Audio

* PNG = Portable Network Graphics

* DOC = Document (MicrosoftCorporation)

* PDF = Portable Document Format

* M3G = Mobile 3D Graphics

* M4A = MPEG-4 Audio File

* NTH = Nokia Theme (series 40)

* THM = Themes (Sony Ericsson)

* MMF = Synthetic Music Mobile Application File

* NRT = Nokia Ringtone

* XMF = Extensible Music File

* WBMP = Wireless Bitmap Image

* DVX = DivX Video

* HTML = Hyper Text Markup Language

* WML = Wireless Markup Language

* CD -Compact Disk.

* DVD - Digital Versatile Disk.

*CRT - Cathode Ray Tube.

* DAT - Digital Audio Tape.

* DOS - Disk Operating System.

* GUI -Graphical User Interface.

* HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.

* IP - Internet Protocol.

* ISP - Internet Service Provider.

* TCP - Transmission Control Protocol.

* UPS - UninterruptiblePower Supply.

* HSDPA - High Speed Downlink PacketAccess.

* EDGE - Enhanced Data Rate for GSM[GlobalSystem for Mobile Communication] Evolution.

* VHF - Very High Frequency.

* UHF - Ultra High Frequency.

* GPRS - General PacketRadio Service.

* WAP - Wireless ApplicationProtocol.

* TCP - Transmission ControlProtocol.

* ARPANET - Advanced ResearchProjectAgency Network.

* IBM - International Business Machines.

* HP - Hewlett Packard.

*AM/FM - Amplitude/ Frequency Modulation.

* WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network

Important Committees related to Banking and Finance

1. Abid Hussain Committee : On Small Scale Industries

2. A C Shah Committee : Reforms Relating To Non Banking Financial Companies (NFBC)

3. Aditya Puri Committee : Dissemination of Credit Information

4. Anil Kaushal committee : To examine the recommendations made by the TRAI on pricing of Spectrum.

5. Arvind Mayaram Panel : Report on the alleged irregularities at the National Spot Exchange Ltd (NSEL)

6. Arvind Mayaram Committee : For giving clear definitions to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investment (FII)

7. Athreya Committee : Restructuring Of IDBI

8. Basel Committee : Banking Supervision

9. Bimal Jalan panel : To scrutinize applications for new bank licenses.

10. Bhandari Committee : Reconstruction of RRBs

11. B. Mahapatra Committee : To review the existing prudential guidelines on restructuring of advances by banks/financial institutions

12. Cook Committee : Capital adequacy of banks.

13. C Rangarajan committee : For poverty scale estimates in the country

14. C Rangarajan Panel : Recommended the pricing of natural gas by a complex methodology of arriving at an average of International gas hub prices

15. Committee On Uttarakhand Floods : The committee headed by AK Ganju

16. Damodran Committee : On improvement of customer services in banks

17. Dave Committee (2000) : Pension Scheme For Unorganized Sector

18. Deepak Parekh committee : For Financing Infrastructure sector

19. Janakiraman Committee : To investigate the security transactions of the bank

20. JS Mathur committee : To revise Newspaper Advertisement Rates.

21. Justice A.P. Shah committee : To head panel on road safety

22. Kelkar Committee : Tax Structure Reforms

23. Kirit Parikh panel : On fuel pricing has suggested that the diesel prices should be increased by Rs 1-1.50 a litre every month as against the 45-50 paise monthly hike followed currently.

24. K M Chandrasekhar committee : For rationalization of foreign investment norms

25. K. Ratna Prabha : Committee on indecent depiction of women in media

26. K U.B. Rao : The idea of setting up Bullion Bank or Bullion Corporation of India

27. K.U.B. Rao Committee : Recommended aligning gold import regulations

28. MBN Rao Committee : To prepare the blueprint of India’s first women’s bank

29. MB Shah committee : For inspection of illegal mining activities

30. Mckinsey Report : Merger Of 7 Associate Banks With SBI

31. M. Narasimham Committee : On Banking Sector Reforms

32. Mukul Mudgal member panel : To probe IPL spot-fixing

33. Mukul Mudgal Committee : To look at process of film clearance

34. Mukul Mudgal Committee : Looking into US giant Walmart's lobbying activities to enter India

35. Nachiket Mor : Committee on comprehensive financial services for small businesses and low-income households.

36. Naresh Chandra committee : 14 member task force on security issues

37. Narismhan Committee : Banking Reforms

38. N Rangachary committee : To examine taxation policies for I.T. sector

39. N R Narayana Murthy committee : For evaluation of corporate sector participation in Higher Education.

40. Parthasarathi Shome. : For Tax Administration Reform Commission (TARC), Suggest a system to enforce better tax compliance

41. Parthasarathi Shome committee : Implementation of GAAR (General Anti Avoidance Rule)

42. Percy Mistry Committee : Making Mumbai An International Financial Center

43. Prasad Panel : International Trade And Services

44. Pulak Kumar Sinha Committee : To study the feasibility of Aadhaar as an additional factor for authentication of card present transactions

45. Raghuram Rajan Committee : On Financial Sector Reforms

46. R V Gupta Committee : Small Savings

47. Raja Chelliah Committee : Tax Reforms

48. Rekhi Committee : Indirect Taxes

49. RS Gujral Committee : Suggest measures to boost MSME exports.

50. Sitakant Mahapatra committee : For inclusion of Bhojpuri language in eighth schedule of constitution

51. Shyamala Gopinath Committee : Suggestions on Post office Small saving schemes

52. SK Srivastava Committee : To formulate a policy on public-private partnership model to raise coal output

53. S P Talwar Committee : Restructuring Of Weak Public Sector Bank

54. SN Verma Committee (1999) : Restructuring The Commercial Banks

55. Suma Verma Committee : To update, and revise the Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 2006

56. UK Sharma Committee : NABARD's Role In RRB

57. Urjit Patel Committee : To examine the current monetary policy framework

58. Vaghul Committee : Money Market In India

59. Vasudev Committee : NBFC (Non Banking Finance Corp) Sector Reforms

60. Y B Reddy Committee (2001) : Review Of Income Tax

Write a program to check whether the given number is even or odd.

Program:

# include
int main(){
int a;
printf("En ter a: \n");
scanf("%d" ,&a);
/* logic */
if (a % 2 == 0){
printf("Th e given number is EVEN\n");
}
else{
printf("Th e given number is ODD\n");
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter a: 2
The given number is EVEN
Explanation n with examples:
Example 1: If entered number is an even number
Let value of'a'entered is 4
if(a%2==0) then a is an even number, else odd.
i.e. if(4%2==0) then 4 is an even number, else odd.
To check whether 4 is even or odd, we need to calculate (4%2).
/* % (modulus) implies remainder value. */
/* Therefore if the remainder obtained when 4 is divided by 2 is 0, then 4 is even. */
4%2==0 is true
Thus 4 is an even number.
Example 2: If entered number is an odd number.
Let value of'a'entered is 7
if(a%2==0) then a is an even number, else odd.
i.e. if(7%2==0) then 4 is an even number, else odd.
To check whether 7 is even or odd, we need to calculate (7%2).
7%2==0 is false /* 7%2==1 condition fails and else part is executed */

Thus 7 is an odd number.

UN organizations and Financial organizations

Food and Agriculture Organization Director-General - José Graziano da Silva, Brazil (2012–present)

International Atomic Energy Agency Director-General - Yukiya Amano, Japan (2009–present)

International Civil Aviation Organization President of the Council - Roberto Kobeh Gonzalez, Mexico (2006–present)

 Secretary-General - Raymond Benjamin, France (2009–present)

International Labour Organization Director-General - Guy Ryder, UK (2012–present)

United Nations Secretary-General - Ban Ki Moon, South Korea (2007–present),

President of the General Assembly - Vuk Jeremic, Serbia (2012–2013),

John William Ashe, Antigua and Barbuda (2013-2014)

Security Council members - China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States

 (permanent members);
Azerbaijan, Guatemala, Morocco, Pakistan, Togo (elected for 2012–2013); Argentina, Australia, Republic of Korea, Luxembourg, Rwanda (elected for 2013–2014)

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Executive Director - Anthony Lake, United States (2010–present)

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Director-General - Irina Bokova, Bulgaria (2009–present)

United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights High Commissioner Navanethem Pillay, South Africa (2008–present)

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) High Commissioner - António Guterres, Portugal (2005–present)

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Director-general - Kandeh Yumkella, Sierra Leone (2005–present)

World Food Programme (WFP) Executive Director - Josette Sheeran, United States (2007–present)(data by facebook/cnaonweb)

World Health Organization (WHO) Director-General - Margaret Chan, China (acting) (2007–present)

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) President - Alexander Bedritsky, Russia (2003–present)

Secretary-General - Michel Jarraud, France (2004–present)

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Secretary-General - Taleb Rifai, Jordan (2010–present)

 African Development Bank - President - Donald Kaberuka, Rwanda (2005–present)

Asian Development Bank - President - Takehiko nakao, Japan (2013–present)

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development President - Suma Chakrabarti, India (2012–present)

Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) President - Luis Alberto Moreno, Colombia (2005–present)

International Monetary Fund Managing Director - Christine Lagarde, France (2011–present)data by facebook/
cnaonweb)

Islamic Development Bank (IDB) President - Ahmad Mohamed Ali, Saudi Arabia (1975–present)

World Bank President - Jim Yong Kim, Korea (2012-present)