FACTS ABOUT THE MARS

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. Named after the Roman god of war, and often described as the
“Red Planet” due to its reddish appearance. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere composed
primarily of carbon dioxide. Pictures of Mars.

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Mars Planet Profile
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Mass: 641,693,000,000,000 billion kg (0.107 x Earth)
Equatorial Diameter: 6,805
Polar Diameter: 6,755
Equatorial Circumference: 21,297 km
Known Satellites: 2
Notable Satellites: Phobos & Deimos
Orbit Distance: 227,943,824 km (1.38 AU)
Orbit Period: 686.98 Earth days (1.88 Earth years)
Surface Temperature: -87 to -5 °C
First Record: 2 nd millenium BC
Recorded By: Egyptian astronomers
Size Of Mars Compared To The Earth
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Facts About Mars
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Mars and Earth have approximately the same landmass:
Even though Mars has only has 15% of the Earth’s volume and just over 10% of the Earth’s, around two
thirds of the Earths surface is covered in water. Martian surface gravity is only 37% of Earth’s (meaning
you could leap nearly three times higher on Mars).
Mars is home to the tallest mountain in the solar system.
Olympus Mons, a shield volcano, is 21km high and 600km in diameter. Despite having formed over billions
of years, evidence from volcanic lava flows is so recent many scientists believe it could still be active.
Only 16 missions to Mars have been successful.
Including orbiters, landers and rovers there have been 39 missions to Mars, not including flybys or the
attempt to return a sample of Phobos. Since the first, USSR’s Marsnik 1, was launched in1960. Europe’s
Exobiology on Mars program (scheduled launch 2016) plans to: search for possible traces of Martian life;
study the surface environment; map potential hazards to manned missions in the future and begin
preparations for an eventual return flight.
Mars has the largest dust storms in the solar system:
They can last for months and cover the entire planet on. The seasons are extreme because its elliptical,
oval-shaped orbital path around the sun is more elongated than most other planets in the solar system.
On Mars the Sun appears about half the size as it does on Earth:
At the closest point to the Sun, the Martian southern hemisphere leans towards the Sun, causing a short,
intensely hot summer, while the northern hemisphere endures a brief, cold winter: at its farthest point from
the Sun, the Martian northern hemisphere leans towards the Sun, causing a long, mild summer, while the
southern hemisphere endures a lengthy, cold winter.
Pieces of Mars have fallen to Earth:
Scientists have found tiny traces of Martian atmosphere within meteorites violently ejected from Mars,
then orbiting the solar system amongst galactic debris for millions of years, before crash landing on Earth.
This allowed scientists to begin studying Mars prior to launching space missions.
Mars takes its name from the Roman god of war:
The ancient Greeks called the planet Ares, after their god of war; the Romans then did likewise, associating
the planet’s blood-red colour with Mars, their own god of war. Interestingly, other ancient cultures also
focused on colour – to China’s astronomers it was ‘the fire star’, whilst Egyptian priests called on ‘Her
Desher’, or ‘the red one’. The red colour Mars is known for is due to the rock and dust covering its surface
being rich in iron.